THE
VACCINE - THE BEST HUMAN BET AGAINST THE CORONAVIRUS
The vaccines look like the best
human bet against the coronavirus. unprecedented efforts are being made with
researchers and organizations around the world that follow the conditional and
standard methods of building very quickly.
HOW
CORONAVIRUS INFECTS
The virus enters the body
through the nose, eyes and mouths that are attached to the air supply produce a
protein called ACE2.
The virus enters the cell by
combining its membrane with the cell membrane. When inside the coronavirus a
snippet of genetic material is called the RNA is released.
The infected cell reads the RNA
and makes proteins that will keep the immune system at bay and help assemble
new copies of the virus. When the infection persists
Each infected cell can produce
millions of copies of the virus before the cell breaks down and eventually
dies.
HOW THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
RESPONDS
The
immune system releases antigen-presenting cells (APC), which help to detect and
identify the virus, antigen-presenting cells and the virus 'peptides' that
allow other immune cells to recognize the virus.
T-helper
cells attach to viral peptides that have been tagged with antigen presenting
cells and help activate other immune systems that are B cells and Cytotoxic T
cells.
B
cells produce antibodies that help prevent the virus from infected cells.
Long-lasting Memory B and T cells recognize the virus in the body's fuel for a
month or a year.
Cytotoxic
T cell to identify and kill infected cells.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
VACCINE
The
vaccine helps initiate the immune response to detect and recognize the
pathogen. Each of these types defines the ability to flag the virus so that the
immune system may also learn that how to protect the body when it was
contaminated.
VIRUS VACCINES
It
is the most common type of the vaccine. research is a developing him there are
two general varieties.
WEAKENED
VIRUS - The Vaccine container weekend form of the virus obtained by passing it
through animal or human cells so it develops mutation and becomes less
infectious. The weakened virus when infected can still draw out and immune
response without causing illness.
INACTIVATED
VIRUS - The virus was made without infection using chemicals or heat, but it
still has to answer the immune system.
Advantage
- As the most common type, production skills are widely available. An
interaction between Codagenix in the US and the Indian serum center alters the
genetic code to weaken the coronavirus, which is a very effective method.
Difficulty
- This requires strict tests of safety, periods, which is time consuming. The
inactivated virus vaccine requires large quantities of the virus, making it
difficult to produce.
VIRAL VECTOR VACCINES
About
25 teams are working on this. In the coronavirus vaccine some type of virus is
weakened and genetically modified to produce the same protein as the
coronavirus in the body.
REPLICATING
VIRAL VECTOR VACCINE - A weak virus can replicate within cells once it is
released. It is considered safe and produces a strong immune response.
NON
REPLICATING VIRAL A virus contained in this strain does not replicate itself
within cells as the genes responsible for replication are activated.
Advantage
- The recently approved Ebola vaccine is a viral vector so expertise required to
produce this type of vaccine is available.
Difficulty
- Any type of instability present in the virus of a virus may cause the
recurrent type to become inactive. No duplicate vaccine is available and will
need to be prolonged to be vaccinated for a long time.
NUCLEIC ACID VACCINES
At
least 20 groups are looking at this approach, aiming to use genetic
instructions in the form of DNA or RNA embedded in cells to transmit the immune
response. Most of these vaccines include the viral protein, which is a protein
that is involved in the coronavirus protein such as protrusion that helps it
enter the human cells.
DNA
VACCINE The pores are formed in the cells' cells to enhance the regeneration of
DNA into the cell through a process called electroporation.
RNA
VACCINE - RNA is incorporated into a lipid coat so that it can penetrate human
cells to produce copies of viral proteins.
Advantage
- Vaccines used for Nucleic acid are usually safe and have the potential to come
off fast.
Difficulty
- This may need to be adjusted to provide a strong immune response. In
addition, no nucleic acid vaccine has been licensed for use in humans.
PROTEIN BASED VACCINES
Lesser
vaccines will want to use the immune response against the coronavirus spike
protein to prevent it from grafting cells into the body. For this, coronavirus
proteins are inserted directly into the body.
PROTEIN
SUBUNIT VACCINE - 28 teams working on this. The focus is on a protein spike
virus or an important part of it called a receptor binding domain. This
approach involves producing a large amount of homemade protein and injecting
directly into humans.
VIRUS
LIKE PARTICLE VACCINE - Five groups are working on this. A piece of protein or
shell material that mimics the coronavirus helmet is used. These hollow shells
are virus-free.
Advantage
- These vaccines are safer and easier to produce. Sars vaccines of this type
protected monkeys against infection.
Difficulty
- This vaccine is not tested in people. Growing bacteria and purifying proteins
at drug doses can take years. They also often require an adjuvant or agent
added to the vaccine to boost the immune response.
Medicines
take such a long time to develop because they are costly to produce and the
inventors wait to be sure of the outcome from each stage before taking the next
steps. But with the 19-covid, many categories tracked at the same time to save
time.
EFFICIENCY AND SAFETY
70%
well when the vaccine will be enough to stop covid-19
DO THE COMMUNITY
Seven
billion small amount of vaccine will require policy. all Global communities
will need to be vaccinated. if it turns out that the two vaccine doses required
dosages are twice as likely to 14 billion.
Without
knowing the specific vaccine policy, it can be difficult to prepare the
factory, but form different types of vaccine should begin to prepare for the
production to be considered as soon as one is allowed to work.
The
big question is who will receive the vaccine and when? it will not happen to
everyone injection at the same time so that distribution will prioritize health
care worker and vulnerable to low income countries.