Protein
and Herd Immunity
Protein
identified as potential Achilles’ heel of coronavirus
When the coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2 enters the human cell, it activates the cell membrane. One of its
proteins, called PL-pro, is produced by the human cell after the virus launches
an all-out assault on its cellular system. PL-pro is necessary to replicate this
virus. A new study by Ezemvelo found that the pharmacological inhibition of
PL-pro blocker replication also strengthens our immune response (immunity). When
SARS-CoV-2 is introduced, the infected immune cells release the messenger
material known as Type 1 interferon's.
This attracts our killer
cells, which kill infected cells. SARS CoV-2 fights back by allowing the human
cell to produce PL-pro. This protein suppresses the development of type 1
interferon's, which would attract our killer cells. Researchers are now able to
identify these processes in mobile culture. If they were blocking PL-pro, viral
production was inhibited, and the human immune cell's immune response (immunity)was also
strengthened.
In
cells, extracts from seaweed out do remdesivir against virus
In a study of mammalian
cells, an ingredient was found in edible sea urine drugs to activate the
outperform remdesivir, in action against SARS-CoV2, a virus that causes
Covid-19. Heparin, a common blood thinner, and a list of heparin stripped of
its antibacterial properties, is made in combination with remdesivir to prevent
the virus. Protein spike in suspicion of SARS-CoV-2
latchesontotheACE-2 receptor on the of human cells. But in research, the virus
could be suggested to be susceptible to a smart virus that gives the same
thing, say researchers. A neutral virus would be trapped and eventually damaged
naturally. Previous studies have shown that this toxic approach works in
catching other viruses, including dengue.
A new study examined the
antiviral activity of three types of heparin (heparin, heparin, trisulfated
heparin, and non-anticoagulant low mole weight heparin) and two extracts
(RPI-27 and RPI28) from the ocean. For each compound, researchers conducted a
dose-response study of mammalian cells. They compared the so-called EC50 (low
number of low signals). RPI-27 found an EC50 value of 83 nanomolar cells, while
the same previous test of remdesivir in the same American cells received EC50
of 770 nanomolar (RPI-27 was therefore more potent). Heparin injected EC50 2.1
micromolar, or about one-third that acts as a remdesivir, and the anticoagulant
heparin analogue released EC0 of 5.0 micromolar, about one-fifth acting as a
remdesivir.
Herd
Immunity
A recent serological study
in Delhi found the presence of subtle antibodies in 23% of the samples tested.
The results of that study are interpreted to indicate that approximately 46 lakh people in Delhi may be infected with the coronavirus virus, and that “herd
protection” is likely to be imminent.
Scientists, however, warn
against reaching such broad conclusions. Emotional tests are performed to
answer a specific question. Any mention of “shadow cast” in this section is not
only premature but also placed in the wrong place.
What
was the serological survey about?
The serological survey was
designed to determine if the person being tested had developed an immune
response (immunity) against the coronavirus. Antibodies are proteins produced by the
immune system (immunity) to fight off foreign substances such as viruses that try to enter
the body. This is produced only when an infection has occurred, and is specific
to an invading virus or bacterium. Therefore, the presence of antibodies is a
sign that an infection with this virus or bacterium has already occurred.
Subsequent attempts to infect the body can be interrupted by these antibodies.
Injections work the same
way. They insert harmful or viral doses into the human body to trigger the
production of immune defenses (immunity). These antibodies can simply fight off the actual
attack of those germs or viruses. In the context of the current epidemic, a
serological survey was conducted to assess the prevalence of Covid-19. As it is
not possible to get everyone tested, it is not yet clear how many people with
the disease are infected, especially since most patients do not show any
symptoms. Detecting antibodies in randomized human groups is an indirect way to
measure the level of disease that is being spread in the community.
What
were the results?
The survey found
coronavirus antibodies in about 23% of the approximately 21,000 people tested.
This means that many of these people were infected, one way or another. As
randomized trials were conducted, it showed that the prevalence of the disease
was much broader than that of diagnostic tests. In Delhi, about 14% of those
tested positive for the virus are in good health.
Details about the scope of
the spread are very important for authorities to make decisions and plan content
options. Scientists say that these serological studies, as well as similar ones
in other parts of the world, are extremely useful for this limited purpose. But
they strongly warn against any interpretation other than this. They strongly
emphasized the suggestion that all those with antibodies are now immune to the
disease, and that the “immune herd” stage was imminent, especially problematic.
Do
antibodies ensure Immunity?
The presence of antibodies
does not mean that a person is immune to the disease. These are two different
things, scientists say. Also important is the number of antibodies present, and
whether they include so-called “neutralizing antibodies”. These are the ones
that actually fight the disease. Serological studies are not performed to
determine the level of the immune system (immunity) or to detect the presence of an immune
system (immunity). "Environmental testing asks a basic question with a Yes / No
answer.
Are
there antibodies present? That’s it.
Now, this helps to
determine if a person has the disease or not. The presence of antibodies tells
us that. Prevention of this disease, however, is a very different question.
Although there is no documented evidence of re-infection in this case, there
are studies showing that "immune function" can lose its function
after four months. “It is very possible for a person to have antibodies to
Covid-19 infections but not protect themselves. The two are not the same, so we
need to be careful when interpreting scientific findings in this way.
What,
then is herd immunity?
The outbreak of cattle
disease in the near future has been a major problem, say scientists. Herd
vaccination is a stage of violence in which some members of a group remain
immune to infection because most of those close to them have already acquired
the infection, either through vaccination or because they have been infected
before. Therefore, everyone in the group does not need to be infected before
the epidemic ends. When a certain number of people become infected, and thus
become immune to disease (immunity), the epidemic begins to subside and eventually stops.
What
should that proportion be?
The problem is no one
knows exactly how many percent of people need to be infected before vaccinating
a herd. It is different in different diseases, and in different groups.
Generally, shower defects are not expected to occur before at least half of the
population is infected with the virus. In measles, for example, herd
infestation is only achieved when 85% to 90% of the population can become
infected. In some diseases, the limit is lower.
In Covid-19, a separate
study has suggested that between 55-70% of people will need to be infected
before they can grow. “Herd vaccination is talked about all these days. This
concept can only apply to certain situations.
For example, herd
protection can only work in closed groups, those who are removed from
neighboring communities. Therefore, talking about the defense of the herd in
Delhi makes no sense when there is a free movement of people inside and outside
the city. Also, there is no level of similar infection in most people where
herd infestation can occur.
Even in a city like Delhi,
different neighborhoods and neighborhoods could not be reached by the herd with
varying degrees of infection, if they isolated themselves from others.
"Besides, it is very difficult to determine the number of communicable
diseases needed in a vaccine while the epidemic continues. "All the limits
on this figure are changing now. It is only after the epidemic has ended, that
we can determine how long the herd has lasted.